Journal of Social Work Research

Abstract Gender identity disorder, which is sometimes called Trans or transsexual. This research tries to represent the meaning of being trans for the trans person, family and society. Considering the constructed nature of the studied phenomenon, the qualitative research paradigm and in order to study the lived experience of Trans people, the interpretive phenomenological method has been used. The studied community includes Trans people of Marivan city, 13 of them were selected through purposeful sampling and based on the principle of saturation. The data collection tool was in-depth interview. The credibility of the findings was achieved through the continuous presence of the researcher in the research field and performing all the steps according to the developed research program. And the transferability the findings was achieved through writing memos and thick descriptions and comparing the findings with research findings and conceptual framework. The obtained findings confirm that at a micro level, Trans people have considered being trans as: the dissolution of a non-same-sex soul in a person's body, a limitation, disorder, and conflict. At the middle level, families have considered their child's being Trans as a stigma and a fake and unreal product. At the macro level, society has defined being transgender as a sexual deviance and as a sexual object that is sexually abused. Transsexual is a condition that is accompanied by stigma and social exclusion, and Trans people are also fighters who try to conquer their identity territory and accept it to society in an unequal war.

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of metacognitive beliefs on emotional distress after cancer diagnosis in Omid Hospital, Mashhad. The type of research is descriptive-survey based on the practical purpose and the method and method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study includes all the patients of Omid Hospital in Mashhad in the first six months of 2012 in the number of 9000 people, according to Morgan's table, the number of 368 people was determined as the sample size, which was determined through a simple random sampling method with an internet lottery method. were chosen. In order to collect field data, standard hospital anxiety and depression questionnaires (1983) and Wells metacognition (1997) were used. Content validity by face validity method and construct validity by factor analysis method were used to determine the validity of the research instrument, and internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine reliability. SPSS statistical software and multivariate regression test were used to test research hypotheses. The results of the research show that by controlling the variables of religiosity, family relationships, social support and social and economic base, the variable of metacognitive beliefs with a coefficient of -0.539 has a significant and negative effect on emotional distress after cancer diagnosis in Omid Mashhad Hospital patients. Therefore, the higher the metacognitive beliefs of cancer patients at Omid Mashhad Hospital, the lower their emotional distress.

Abstract Population is one of the most important components of economic and social growth of any country. The young and dynamic force is the driving engine of the country's economy and industries and keeps it away from social harm. But the statistics indicate a decrease in the fertility rate in the country and as a result the population will decrease in the coming years. It has been two decades since the country's fertility rate has reached below the replacement level, and this has caused the authorities to worry about the aging crisis and the subsequent population crisis. Therefore, the administrators of the matter got to work and by drafting the law to support the family and the youth of the population, they adopted policies to increase fertility. The purpose of this study is to examine the challenges and consequences of Article 51 of the law from the perspective of experts. The present research was carried out in a qualitative way and for the selection of samples, purposeful and snowball sampling methods were used. The statistical population of the research includes 15 specialists in the field of women's reproductive health. In order to collect data, semi-structured interview was used and data analysis was done by thematic analysis method. The study showed that this legal article has positive consequences such as: preventing the possible side effects of hormonal drugs and changing the attitude of people towards having children.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the task_centered model on clients in the social work.
Method: This study is categorized as descriptive studies and in practice, its implementation process has been done in a systematic review. The statistical population of this research includes articles, researches and experimental studies published in Farsi and English related to the evaluation and effectiveness of the task_centered model at the levels (individual, group and family) in different clients.
Findings: After searching the data in the databases, 19 studies that met the research entry criteria and were recognized as valid in terms of the hierarchy of evidence were included in the research. The general result of the reviewed researches has found interventions with a task_centered model to be effective for a diverse range of clients.
Conclusion: Based on the systematic review of the research related to the title of the current research, the task_centered model at the individual, group, and family levels can be used for clients with a wide range of issues and problems; As with chronic mental patients, the elderly, schizophrenic patients, students, adolescents at risk, labor children and their families, the effectiveness of this model has been proven. Overall, there is empirical support for this model, although much more research is needed on which clients and problems might benefit from a task_centered approach.

Abstract social development of societies, is a process of integration of the individual in the community, which is formed by expressive and moral actions.During the formation of this component, many social and cultural factors such as religiosity, ethnic identity, feeling of relative deprivation, etc. are influential.The purpose is to investigate the factors affecting the social cohesion of the youth of Ahvaz city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method.The statistical population is young men and women aged 18 - 29 in Ahvaz city in 1402 with a population of 1,245,237 people.According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 384 people, which was distributed in a three-stage cluster sampling method;The data collection tools were social cohesion questionnaires by Flensberg (2006)(22 items), religiosity by Glock and Stark (1965)(29 items), relative deprivation by Lehsaizadeh (2011)(6 items)and Hajiani's ethnic identity (2018)(15 items).The data analysis shows that the citizens had a medium level of social cohesion,ethnic identity and feeling of relative deprivation and a high level of religiosity. Inferential findings have also confirmed the hypothesis of the effect of religiosity and ethnic homogeneity on social cohesion and rejected the hypothesis of the effect of feeling of relative deprivation on social cohesion. By strengthening religiosity and ethnic identity and weakening the feeling of relative deprivation in the studied society with the special feature of ethnic and cultural pluralism, it is possible to strengthen social cohesion and, following that, national cohesion.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the conditions leading to recidivism in prison. An ethnographic method was used to achieve this goal. Information was collected through interviews with 20 male prisoners with a history of returning to prison as informants, field observation, and the study of documents. The findings showed that the prison has an official mechanism for dealing with the prisoner that operates at five levels: meeting the prisoner's biological needs, receiving and evaluating, providing training, support, and care, and improving the prisoner's social relations. Also, the analysis of the interviews led to the emergence of five main categories: the prisoner label and the experience of social exclusion, the density of prisoners, the lack of protective classification of prisoners, the inefficiency of support and care systems, and inefficient and ineffective education. The ward provides informal support and training as a center for receiving official biological and support services. Male prisoners returning to prison are practically aligned with the informal socialization system, and the official system does not have the necessary efficiency to communicate with this group of prisoners. The existing official mechanism is also unable to achieve its set goals. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Abstract Social work as a helping profession has defined its position and roles for many years at the individual, group and community levels and for different target groups in accordance with the needs of its audience and has addressed its mission in various fields. One of the target groups of social work is the employees working in industries who form a cultural and social community of their own and who have injuries and need related assistance. The aim of the current research is to know the role of social work in the field of industry. This research is a qualitative study in several industrial companies, which was conducted by social workers with more than three years of experience in the industry and with the criterion of data saturation with ten people with opinions and related to the topic in a targeted manner and with semi-structured interviews. The data have been explained by thematic analysis method. The results showed that all participants emphasized the importance and role of industrial social work and its necessity. The three themes analyzed are: industrial professionalism, holistic support, and organizational monitoring. The result of this research can be effective in explaining social work services in policies in the field of employee welfare in industrial companies.

Abstract This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the social dimensions of mourning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sources or statistical society of this research includes all the qualitative and quantitative research, published both in the Persian and in English, conducted on the social dimensions of mourning during the Covid-19 between December 2019 and May 2023. Based on the entry-exit criteria of the articles, 287 articles were obtained, and after searching, screening and qualitative evaluation of the studies, at the end of the final synthesis, 28 articles were selected. According to the findings of this research, 71.43% of the selected articles were done by qualitative methods and 28.57% by quantitative methodologies. The most used tool was the interview with which 60.71% of the articles had been done. Regarding the practical solutions and suggestions extracted from the studies, the highest frequently suggested approach was the emphasis on the necessity of developing a culture of condolence and virtual mourning and memorial ceremonies to support the survivors (32.14%). Also, the highest level in the distribution of categories was related to the category of disruption in the process of mourning rituals which was 21.43%. The results of this research show that people's reaction to bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic is closely related to social and cultural aspects, and despite the importance of the social aspects of bereavement and health, more attention has been paid to its psychological and physical aspects.

Abstract Today, the spread of dependency on drugs in the national and international scope imposes a lot of costs on governments, and it is essential to carry out social and research to reduce these costs. This research uses a structural perspective to answer the questions. What is the state of fighting against drug addiction in Iran? Furthermore, the research compares Iran with some other countries to reveal the weaknesses and strengths of fighting against drug addiction in Iran. The research has made use of the secondary analysis method. The written documents and the existing statistics available in international organizations have been employed to answer the questions. The findings were analyzed in four segments including comparing the situation of drug abuse in Iran and other countries, drug abuse and some indicators of human and welfare development, general policies in solving the problem of drug abuse in Iran and the world, and finally the dynamics of the drug market in the world. the research showed that drug abuse is increasing in Iran and the world, and psychedelics are dominant over drug abuse. In this path, policies based on fighting the reduction of supply and demand of drugs just increase the costs of drug addiction in society if they don’t consider strengthening the economic and social infrastructure of the society. Therefore, the policy-making experiences of countries with low drug abuse show that solving drug abuse requires culturalization and strengthening of the socio-economic foundation of the society. In other words, fighting against causes not effects.

Abstract Migration is not always associated with a purely positive result and has various consequences. The purpose of this research was to Evaluation the psychosocial challenges of Afghan immigrant adolescents living in Rafsanjan. In the spring of 1402, 14 people from this group, who had lived in Rafsanjan for at least two years, were selected by purposeful sampling. The method of this research was descriptive phenomenology and data were obtained using semi-structured interviews and 2 final interviews were conducted to ensure data saturation. The content of the interview was coded with the seven-step method of Claysey. And finally, 72 sub-themes and 17 main themes were extracted and these items were placed in five core themes "psychological problems, cultural-communication challenges, job challenges, problems related to lifestyle change and family challenges". The findings of the present study showed that the hardships of the immigration process, along with bad memories and the challenges of adapting to the new culture in this age range, made adolescents vulnerable to mental health problems and social harms. Therefore, in order to have healthy and empathetic people, our society should have more cultural acceptance of this group and mental health services should be provided according to them.

Abstract Previous researches about the relationship between religious belief and morality have reached conflicting findings and this shows that the effect of religious belief on morality cannot be direct. Therefore, for the pathology of religious belief, it is necessary to see which characteristics of religious belief can contribute to which forms of immorality under which conditions. The present study hypothesized that attribution to God makes it easier to justify passive immorality (omission of actions) and makes passive immorality seem more acceptable. With the purpose of testing this hypothesis and in a correlational design, 499 participants (230 men) with an average age of 37 years were selected among 30,000 subscribers of Hamrahe Avval and Irancell living in Tehran and Karaj and were randomly assigned into two groups of passive immorality (who read six stories about passive immorality) and active immorality (who read six stories about active immorality). Religious belief was measured with the Supernatural Beliefs Scale (Jong, Bluemke, & Halberstadt, 2013), and attribution to God and acceptance of immorality were measured with a researcher-made questionnaire. Regression analyses showed that the subjects who had more religious belief attributed passive immorality to God more than the subjects who had less religious belief, attribution to God predicted the acceptance of immorality, and religious belief had a negative relationship with the acceptance of immorality after excluding the variance of attribution to God. Also, the Moderated Mediation Model showed that attribution to God can explain why religious believers accept passive immorality more easily. These findings show tha

Abstract present study is a qualitative research that was conducted with the using grounded theory method with the aim of identifying the risk factors affecting recidivism. Researches has shown that if a person has certain risk factors, these factors will increase her or his chances of becoming a criminal. Using targeted sampling and then theoretical sampling,individuals with criminal records of more than two offenses (as sample units and observation units) were included in the research. Based on the analyses conducted in open and axial coding, the total causal conditions of crime repetition include 7 major categories and 17 subcategories, including: 1 -harmful compensation of lacks 2-unmet basic needs 3-individual-social disclusion 4- self-imprisonment 5-ineffective justice system 6-problematic redefinition of self-concept 7-criminal subcultural capital. Finally, we reached the core category of the sustainability of deprivation. which has multiple dimensions .individuals who engage in repeat offending, do so due to the continuity of a set of deprivations and that deprivation is not only caused by the individual actions of activists or due to the structure of society, but both of them have been effective in causing deprivation.
Keywords: recidivism - risk factor - protective factor

Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the social and economic causes of the formation of the prostitution market and the consequences of the entry of prostitutes into this market. The research implementation method is grounded theory and based on interpretative paradigm, which is practical in terms of research results and in terms of cross-sectional study time (1398-1399). From the systematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 21 people from the prostitution market (prostitutes, pimps and clients) and experts in the field of prostitution in Bojnurd city, 33 subcategories, 15 core categories and finally based on the selective coding of the central phenomenon in the form of " Prostitution market, a thriving market based on forced provision of sexual services" was formed.". The results of the research showed that the central phenomenon identified was influenced by a set of factors including: "social helplessness", "abundance of demand", "high income for pimps" and "escalating poverty that leads to consequences including "intensification of vulnerability to dangerous factors", "continuous exposure to violence", "defamilization from everyday life" and "sexual exploitation of poor and socially disadvantaged women". Also, "active adaptation to the existing situation" and "intermittent/discontinuous resistance" are considered as the most important strategies facing prostitutes in this market.

Abstract This research has investigated the effectiveness of the family-based task centered model on the functioning of the working children's family. The importance of the present research is that for the first time in Iran, the family-based task centered model in social work interventions has been scientifically investigated and a protocol based on the task centered model for family-based intervention in working with the families of working children has been developed. The title of one of the vulnerable groups has been compiled and regulated.
The current research is of an experimental type (pre-test-post-test with a control group), 30 families from the families of working children of "Talashegaran Yari Hamdel" Institute were sampled from among 50 families of the statistical population; In such a way that among the target statistical population, the families whose family performance scores were lower were determined and randomly placed in two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. Then, using the family-based task centered model, during 10 sessions, social work intervention based on the "family-based task centered model protocol" was implemented on the experimental group. Two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis and analysis was done using spss software.
Based on the obtained results, the average scores of the experimental group after the implementation of the intervention in the family function variable and its dimensions show a significant difference.

Abstract The present study is a quantitative and survey research that has examined the relationship between physical activity, social isolation and depression among the elderly during the Covid-19 epidemic. The statistical population of the elderly (60 years and older) is in Ahvaz city, where 384 people were selected by simple random sampling. Also, the collected data were analytically analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests such as simple regression, correlation coefficients and path analysis using structural equation tests in the form of pls-smart3 and spss software. Based on the background and purpose of the study, it was found that there is no significant relationship between more physical activity and less depression in the elderly during the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. Also, more social isolation leads to more depression. For the method, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, the Depression Scale for the Elderly, and the Promis social Isolation Scale were used. In this regard, path analysis was performed to assess the relationship between physical activity, social isolation, and depression. The results showed that out of 384 surveys conducted, according to the theoretical model of the research, higher social isolation had the highest impact factor on depression in the elderly (0.408). It was also found that the relationship between variables such as age and education with social isolation was not confirmed.

Abstract The life of people in the form of "homeless life" is one of the consequences of the development of the city, especially in Tehran metropolis. For this purpose, preparing and creating centers under the title of Madadsara (homeless shelter) is considered as one of the ways to empower and deal with this social phenomenon. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to investigate the perception and mentality of homeless people (sample number 12 people) from the Madadsara in the railway neighborhood of the 11th district of Tehran using the qualitative-phenomenological research method. According to the findings of the research, the average age of the participants of this research was 37.58 years. In this research, 16 structural categories were extracted from semantic and textual clusters that refer to the dimensions of daily life, identity elements, attitude, expectations, and lack of acceptance of homeless men towards shelters. The results of the research show that the formed structure of a homeless person's identity causes this person to show his rough life in the form of sleeping in heaven and earth, avoiding the framework, addiction in the form of vagrancy and vulgarity in the streets and alleys. From the point of view of homelessness, shelters are usually restrictive, poorly organized and poorly functioning. Therefore, it can be said that the causes of homeless men's lack of acceptance towards Madadsara are three important categories: "creating interference in the homeless life process", "weakness of facilities and equipment" and "weakness of human interactions".

Abstract The precise question of this article is,” How did imprisoned male prisoners experience family and school? Did these experiences lead them toward social deviance? ether the prison can stop the cycle of returning to the prison of male prisoners. This research was conducted using the qualitative approach of grounded theory. Data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews with 20 male prisoners aged 35 to 50 who had experienced committing a crime and returning to Prison. In this review, the theories of Foucault, Sutherland, Gottfredson, and Hirschi were considered for theoretical sensitivity. The research findings show that the male prisoners who have returned to prison often fall into two paradigms of "disoriented youth" and "ambitious without tools.” The result of both paradigms is imprisoned. In the first paradigm, family and school, as the primary socializing institutions, are not prepared to face the intense sexual desires of these young men. The young men were categorized as violented people against the rules. In the second paradigm, the young man goes through the excitement of adolescence more quickly, but at the same time, he is not ready to face newer challenges in the family, job, and education. The important thing is that all the people admitted to prison did not necessarily appear from within the delinquent subculture. Still, the inefficiency of family and, school, led to the fact that the person's lack of preparation to face the ups and downs of life is incomplete and ineffective.

Abstract The main issue of this interpretative letter is the opinion of the women of Kermanshah on why the phenomenon of street harassment occurs in this city. This problem is exploratory and the macro analysis has paid attention to the macro relationships surrounding this phenomenon. The research method corresponds to exploratory topics and relies on the theory of contexts. Data collection has been done with semi-structured interview technique and sample selection with theoretical ideas and problem selection. Research has categorized the data by coding categorical steps to uncover hidden meanings.
The result of the research with the categories of what is harassment, the result and its characteristics, why the phenomenon, the type of intruders and solutions to solve it, harassment is caused by the difference in socio-economic location of perpetrators and victims. According to respondents, intruders are of low social level, uneducated, lacking skills and have people who are trying to make up for it with street harassment. Harassment can have such features based on the background and social type of the perpetrators, with mutual respect and equality of both sides. Social relationships beyond gender and the relationship between the two sexes are the main cause of the phenomenon of street harassment, and the way to reduce it is equality for everyone in access to basic needs, including marriage.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and hope with post-divorce adjustment among divorced women. The statistical population of the study was 192 divorced women under the auspices of the imam Khomeini Relief foundation of these, a sample of 150 women was selected using simple random sampling method. The type of research was descriptive and its method was correlated. To analyze the results, parametric inferential statistics such as regression, Pearson correlation and multiple methods were used. In order to collect data, standardized perceived social support questionnaires (Zimm et al., 1988), Omid Schneider et al. (1991) and Divorce Adjustment Scale (Fischer 1976) were used. Findings showed that there was relationship between perceived social support and hope with post-divorce adjustment among divorced women. There was a relationship between perceived social support with post-divorce adjustment among divorced women. There was a relationship between hope with post-divorce compatibility among divorced women.

Abstract Although, the police are the main responsible for the prevention of drugs and psychotropic substance, due to the complexity and prevalence of this phenomenon, efforts are being made to use the capacities of the society like the youth to prevent this social pathology. This survey has investigated the youth participation in the prevention of the drugs and psychotropic substance and to examine its relationship with responsibility, police performance, awareness from the drugs consequences, problem solving skill, and some demographic variables. Population is the youth aged 18 to 30 in Yasouj, Gachsaran, and Dehdasht, that 332 cases were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. Research instruments for measuring the participation in the prevention of the drugs, responsibility, police performance, and awareness from the drugs consequences are the researcher-made questionnaires, that their validity and reliability were assessed using the content validity and the Cronbach’s coefficient respectively. Furthermore, to measure the problem solving skill, the questionnaire prepared by D’Zurilla et al (2002) was employed. The descriptive findings showed that, the youth participation in the prevention of the drugs and psychotropic substance is on average and in particular, in the formal dimension (interaction & cooperation with police) is low. In addition, the analytical findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between police performance, awareness from the drugs consequences, problem solving skill, and the residency in Gachsaran, and the youth participation in the prevention of the drugs. The above-mentioned variables explain .206 of the variance of the dependent variable.

Abstract Suicide is among the human behaviors influenced by different biological motives.In current conditions, some issues such as the increasing rate of suicide, the decreasing age of attempting suicide, and the increasing rate of using violent ways to suicide have made it necessary to address this subject as a social problem. Using a qualitative approach and based on the grounded theory of the social and cultural reasons behind suicide attempt, the current study aims to investigate the interaction between the person who suicides and his/her family, group and society as well as its relationship with suicide attempt. Through this, the study seeks to find a more vivid image of the relationship between the factors affecting suicide attempt. A purpose-based sampling was applied in this study; the data was collecting by interviewing the subjects who attempted suicide (15 females) and were treated in the hospitals of Tehran, Iran. The findings indicate that the factors explaining the suicide attempt from the viewpoint of suiciders included Verbal violence, physical violence, social violence, forced displacement, the prevention of employment and divorce, the pressure of tradition, the feeling of tirednees and loneliness, disputes with the schools parents and relatives, lack of sympathy for the spouse, child labor, illness and physical problems, lack of the sponsor and the non- acceptance of the family were identified as the causative conditions of suicide. The results showed that the most obvious reason for the suicide attempt was the way these individuals or their families dealt with the issue of violence.

Abstract Caregivers have a unique role in the development of children, and this becomes even more important when the children living in residential child care facilities are addressed. The present investigation aimed at exploring the caregivers' experiences in taking care of children living in residential child care facilities (RCCF). In this qualitative study (1401), 19 caregivers were selected using maximum variation sampling. Private and public residential child care facilities in Tehran, Iran, were involved in the study. Unstructured interviews on caregivers' experiences in taking caring of children were employed to collect the data. The interviews were recorded, handwritten, and analyzed according to the "Klaizi" method. The obtained categories included drowning in work (subcategories of the spread of awakened parental feelings to all existence and suffering from children's pains), opportunity for growth (subcategories of opportunity for spiritual growth, care as raising children, opportunity for personal growth and taking caregiving seriously), and main categories of problems of upstream systems (subcategories of problems caused by the macro-social system and problems of the welfare organization system) and problems caused by the nature of the work (with subcategories of working with injured children and communication management difficulty). The experiences of caregivers participating in this study indicated that the job of caretaking, especially with such an audience, is a sensitive situation and easily goes beyond the job and involves all aspects of the caregiver's life. Therefore, supporting the caregivers is inevitable.

Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the moderators and Intensifiers of marital conflicts resulting from burns. The method of conducting this research is qualitative content analysis, and the data collection technique is in-depth interview. In this research, the sampling method was purposeful Thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The study population of this research consists of 16 married people who suffered burns in the second half of 2020 and 2021, and 8 of their spouses who consented to the interview. Then four social workers working in the hospital were interviewed. The moderate findings of the research include three main themes including: There are receptive attitudinal strategies, healing behavioral strategies and positive social support network strategy, and 9 sub-themes and 32 concepts. On the other hand, the Intensifiers findings include 5 main themes including involvement in negative emotions, overt and hidden rejection, traumatic treatment process, financial difficulties of treatment and life and maladaptive internalization of social rejection experience, and 11 sub-themes and 35 concepts.

Abstract The dispersion of study results reveals the need for research on the consequences of social support to achieve a relatively comprehensive picture of the findings and challenges. The purpose of study is classification of the variables related to the consequences of social support in Iranian society. The method used is systematic review. The statistical population included published scientific articles addressing issue of social support and its consequences. Related articles were searched in Iranian scientific databases. Based on the inclusion criterion, the most relevant articles with the objectives of the study (40 articles) were selected. To access the data of the articles, the data extraction worksheets were designed and adjusted in the form of twelve indicators and were completed based on the coding and annotations of each worksheet. After reviewing and comparing the worksheets for each article, the obtained data were collected and analyzed as well. A systematic review shows that the variable of social support as the variable studied in this study has been studied in relation to 18 variables; The variables identified as social support consequences in the reviewed studies are classified and summarized in four types of physical consequences, psychological consequences, social consequences and cultural-attitudinal consequences. Psychological, social, and cultural-attitudinal variables separately have the highest frequency in 12.5% of cases and physical variables in 2.5% of cases have the least importance among the authors of the researched researches. Mental health and quality of life were the most repeated among the consequences of social support in the reviewed articles.

Abstract Social support is one of the studied variables in psychological and social sciences. Social support promotes the mental health and well-being of individuals by influencing various individual and social areas and helps the individual to face problems. This study was about identifying the themes affecting social support from the perspective of psychotherapists. This research is considered as a qualitative research in terms of applied purpose and method. The research sample consisted of 18 psychologists and therapists who were working in Qom province in 1400. Sampling was done purposefully. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather information. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation and no new findings were found. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. The results showed that the factors at the therapist level (skill elements), at the school level (educational elements), at the community level (social-legal elements), at the family level (interactive elements) at the parents level ( Interpersonal-subsistence elements), at the individual level (personality elements) were the themes affecting social support from the perspective of psychotherapists. Discussion: Social support from different dimensions and angles of human life can be analyzed and evaluated and the need to pay attention to this component from the perspective of experts and thinkers in various fields related to human beings is essential.